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I have followed this link to set up a kernel development environment. In summary, I am running a Linux kernel 5.11.5 with a custom root file system. I am using buildroot to creating a root file system. Now, the filesystem image size is fixed so I'm not able to even create a directory at runtime from within a guest. So, I am not able to create a swap space.

Please provide a way to create a swap space for a guest.

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    Please provide a way to create a swap space for a guest. the filesystem image size is fixed -> unfix the image size. Create a partition in image. Format it for swap. Add the swap to that linux. The link there just uses -hda ../buildroot/output/images/rootfs.ext4. Create your own qmeu disc, format it with fdisk, create the partitions there with swap partition, copy the ext4 filesystem there and edit /etc/fstab in that partition to use swap. Commented Apr 2, 2021 at 12:16
  • I found free space under /tmp so I created a swap file in /tmp directory using fallocate. But when I tried to activate that swap file using swapon /tmp/1GiB.swap I got an error swapon: /tmp/1GiB.swap: Invalid argument. Can you please tell me what is going wrong over here? Commented Apr 2, 2021 at 12:59
  • I found free space under /tmp Assuming tmp is mounted as tmpfs, you basically created a swapfile in RAM and called it swap. Just use ram as ram instead. Swap should be on disc. Commented Apr 2, 2021 at 13:05
  • Ough, I am very new to qemu. So is it the reason (/tmp not being actual physical file) I am getting that error? Commented Apr 2, 2021 at 13:06
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    Finally, I was able to create a swap file by increasing the image size from 60MB to 4GB in buildroot configuration. Thanks @KamilCuk. Commented Apr 2, 2021 at 13:40
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