Oxford-trained social scientist, CEO of LeaderFactor, HBR contributor, author of "The 4 Stages of Psychological Safety," co-host of The Leader Factor podcast
We often observe highly diverse teams exhibiting patterns of dutiful compliance and stifling groupthink. While these diverse perspectives are dormant, the teams in question will never innovate. At least not consistently. How do you persuade a team to unlock its novel, nonlinear, and clashing perspectives to create an incubator of innovation — and do it in a way that doesn’t result in hard feelings, anger, or disrespect? It's not a diversity problem, but it is a culture problem. Think about the anatomy of culture this way: behaviors → habits → norms → culture If a pattern of shared behavior is a norm, a collection of norms is a culture. Norms are the primary building blocks of culture. In working with teams around the world for the last 30 years, I’ve identified the norm of constructive dissent as the single most important predictor of a team’s ability to innovate. ❓ What is constructive dissent? ✅ A team’s ability to engage respectfully in the exchange of conflicting viewpoints. While constructive dissent is a learnable behavior, it’s an extremely difficult norm to develop. It taxes the poise, composure, and emotional regulation of team members and often results in intense negative emotion and defensiveness. Teams don’t slouch into a pattern of constructive dissent, but with deliberate practice, they can build and sustain this crucial norm. But the change must start at the behavioral level. It must intervene in the day-to-day interactions of those doing the work. It must overcome the default norms and encourage healthy, constructive dissent as a professional obligation. It must be an invitation so clear, and so compelling, that it draws out the silent and the fearful. "If you disagree, I not only want to know, but I need to know. We can't innovate without your input."